| Page |
No. |
Source |
Quotes from Decision Documents |
| 349 |
13 |
Agency App. C |
“Data gaps..reproductive toxicity to birds” (lizards, invertebrates, frogs, bats, fish not studied either) |
| 414 |
2 |
Agency App. C |
“the time to onset and time to death are long [in frogs and reptiles]” |
| 415 |
2 |
Agency App. C |
“NZ native frogs are taxonomically [distinct] and there is significant uncertainty as to their sensitivity to 1080” |
| 415 |
3 |
Agency App. C |
“The trials [on toxicity of 1080 in bait, prey and water to NZ native frogs] were preliminary, rather than providing standard end point data” |
| 415 |
4 |
Agency App. C |
“12 adult frogs of each species [NZ native frogs]..were dehydrated..prior to placement in [1080] treated water, presumably to attain a ‘worst case’ state prior to exposure” |
| 415 |
5 |
Agency App. C |
“Control solutions..had a measured concentration of 0.2 mg/kg..residues were..measured in the control frogs” |
| 416 |
1 |
Agency App. C |
“A number of frogs died during the study, including one of two control Archey’s frogs which contained 1.4 mg 1080/kg” |
| 416 |
2 |
Agency App. C |
“Only one frog of each species [Hochsetter’s and Archie’s] was used for each treatment combination..as noted in the previous trials, small numbers of test animals limit any conclusions which can be drawn from the study” |
| 416 |
4 |
Agency App. C |
“Weight gains in frogs exposed to treated flies [were] positive, but nil or slightly negative in the controls” |
| 417 |
1 |
Agency App. C |
“[time to death for grass frog 36.8 – 98.3 hours] |
| 520 |
1 |
Agency App. F |
“Hochsetter’s..frogs were monitored..during an aerial operation..no change was detected in the Hochsetter’s..population but [statistically] there was only a very small probability of detecting an impact because the number of frogs [was] too small..no conclusions could be drawn” |
| 520 |
2 |
Agency App. F |
“Archey’s frogs were monitored..during an aerial operation..declines in numbers occurred in both treatment and control areas [during the four months after control]..attributed to seasonal and/or disturbance factors” |
| 520 |
3 |
Agency App. F |
“One Archey’s frog was found foaming at the mouth [which] may have indicated 1080 poisoning..however other signs of 1080 poisoning..were not observed..either due to short observation periods..or because they did not occur” |
| 534 |
6 |
Agency App. F |
“Prey switching by cats and ferrets from rabbits to other species may occur following rabbit operations, with native skinks highly vulnerable to large swings in rabbit numbers” |
| 723 |
10 |
Agency App. N |
“The Agency has made no assessment of risks [of 1080] to frogs” |
| 119 |
2 |
Applicants’ references |
“Reptiles and amphibians generally were the slowest to first show signs of poisoning” (McIlroy, 1986) |
| 41 |
4 |
Committee Decision |
“..the benefits of the use of 1080 to native lizards and frogs have not been directly demonstrated” |
| 41 |
5 |
Committee Decision |
“Ground control operations could protect known populations [of lizards and frogs]” |
| 64 |
1 |
Committee Decision |
“trials exposing native frogs to 1080 residues in water and to cereal bait containing 1080 were inconclusive due..to the small numbers of animals used and their tendency to hide..[reflecting] the difficulties associated with testing many native species” |
| 64 |
2 |
Committee Decision |
“the small numbers involved make conclusions difficult [regarding effects of 1080 on frogs]” |
| 64 |
3 |
Committee Decision |
“low sowing rates of bait in forest environments reduce the likelihood of lizards and frogs being exposed” |
| 64 |
6 |
Committee Decision |
“The Committee has amended the control on the use of carrot bait to ensure that it is screened to remove small pieces [which will help to adequately manage the risks to native lizards and frogs]” |
| 126 |
4 |
Committee Decision |
“the existing and new controls..[adjust level of risk to frogs and lizards]” (none of the controls addresses prey switching by predators, eating of baits or secondary poisoning) |
| 126 |
3 |
Committee Decision |
“Risks [to bats, native birds, frogs and lizards] are generally well understood by users of…1080 and can be managed” |
| 133 |
3 |
Committee Decision |
“three significant risks..with aerial 1080..[3] effects on native herpetofauna (frogs and lizards) following direct exposure to pellets” (omitted carrots, secondary poisoning, prey switching) |
| 196 |
1 |
Decision App.B |
“Compliance with best practice for preparation and distribution of bait minimises risks [to frogs & lizards]” |
