Independent scientific reviews

and official documents on 1080

Does 1080 enter waterways and aquifers? – Read the Science

Not much is known about how much 1080 from baits on land enters runoff, soil or groundwater
Poisoned carcasses occur in waterways, and should be removed for human safety

“There is no evidence that high rainfall causes more 1080 to enter waterways.”
(Fairweather, A., 2015. (Letter from DoC to Waikato Regional Council)

date	author	source	title	quote
2011	Srinivasan, M.S., Suren, A., Wech, J. & Schmidt, J.	NZ Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 46(2): 167-178	Investigating the fate of sodium monofluoroacetate during rain events using modelling and field studies	“The occurrence of 1080 in soilwater samples collected during this study indicated the potential for 1080 to leach during rainfall. Thus, potential overland transport to streams of 1080 released within the near-stream corridor needs to be revisited.”
2011	Srinivasan, M.S., Suren, A., Wech, J. & Schmidt, J.	NZ Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 46(2): 167-178	Investigating the fate of sodium monofluoroacetate during rain events using modelling and field studies	“in catchments where soils are shallow, where soils are saturated at the time of 1080 application and before the first rainfall event after application and where the water table is close to the surface, conditions conducive to overland flow could occur early during the rainfall events, possibly resulting in significant overland transport.”
2011	Srinivasan, M.S., Suren, A., Wech, J. & Schmidt, J.	NZ Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 46(2): 167-178	Investigating the fate of sodium monofluoroacetate during rain events using modelling and field studies	“analyses of soilwater samples collected from lysimeters installed in the catchment indicated the propensity of 1080 to leach into soil, suggesting the need to investigate subsurface transport pathways.”
2011	Srinivasan, M.S., Suren, A., Wech, J. & Schmidt, J.	NZ Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 46(2): 167-178	Investigating the fate of sodium monofluoroacetate during rain events using modelling and field studies	“degradation and flowpaths of 1080 released into the soil have not yet been fully studied. In catchments where the water table could rise towards the surface during rainfall events, infiltrating 1080 could reach the groundwater before appreciable degradation. Additional data are needed to relate the role of infiltrating 1080 and its fate in soilwater and possible transport to groundwater.”
2005	Lyver, P. O’B., Ataria, J., Trought, K. & Fisher, P.	NZ Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 39: 1243-1252	Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) residues in longfin eels, Anguilla dieffenbachii, following exposure to contaminated water and food.	“The secondary exposure of eels to 1080 would largely depend on the time a poisoned possum carcass is available to eels and the rate at which 1080 degrades within a carcass. The rate of 1080 degradation is likely to be dictated by whether a possum dies and falls in or close to a waterway. One freshly-dead possum was found in a waterway, and another within 2 m of it, along a 100-m stretch of stream after an aerial 1080 operation at Mt Grey, Canterbury (A. Suren, NIWA, pers. comm.).”
2014	Byrom, A., Pech, R., Anderson, D., Coleman, ., Thomson, C.	Kararehe Kino 23:Feb	How do forest buffers help control the spread of bovine tuberculosis?	“the possums settled in river valleys near waterways.”
2013	Eason, C.T., Ross, J., Miller, A.	NZ J Zoology 40(3): 217-225	Secondary poisoning risks from 1080-poisoned carcasses and risk of trophic transfer–a review	“We would recommend that any carcasses (possum or other animals) found in easily accessible areas are removed and disposed of in an appropriate manner. However we acknowledge that this is impractical in inaccessible terrain.”
2007	ERMA Agency Appendix C	P 370	Environmental Risk Management Authority Reassessment of 1080	“following a flood [2 months after 1080 drop] 3 carcasses were washed down-river well beyond the boundaries of the operational area [6 km..7 mg/kg; 15 km..6mg/kg; 50 km..