Is 1080 safe in water? - 1080 Science

Independent scientific reviews

and official documents on 1080

Is 1080 Safe in Water – Read the science:

1080 is a potent reproductive toxin, and causes organ damage and birth defects (teratogenic effects)
Water sampling results for 1080 are very unreliable
The recommended “safe” level for human exposure is only just above detection level

date	author	source	title	quote
1984	Savarie, P.J.	University of Nebraska – Lincoln- Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference.	Toxic characteristics of Fluorocitrate the toxic metabolite of compound 1080. Paper 33	“data suggest that the reproductive system, particularly the testes, may be the most sensitive organ. Mazzarti et al. (1964, 1965) found that doses of fluoroacetate …inhibited sperm production and caused testicular atrophy in rats. More recently Sullivan et al. (1979) found elevated citrate levels and morphological damage in the testes of rats receiving sublethal doses of 2.2, 6.6, or 20 ppm fluoroacetate in their drinking water for seven days.”
1984	Savarie, P.J.	University of Nebraska – Lincoln- Proceedings of the Eleventh Vertebrate Pest Conference.	Toxic characteristics of Fluorocitrate the toxic metabolite of compound 1080. Paper 33	Severe damage to the testes, including absence of sperm, has also been reported in rats maintained on drinking water containing 26 ppm fluoroacetate for 126 days (Smith et al. 1977).”
2000	Eason, C., Warburton, B., Henderson, R.	pp 154-163. In Montague, T.L. (Ed.) The Brushtail Possum. Biology, impact and management if an introduced marsupial. Montague, T.L. (Ed.) Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln, New Zealand. 292 pp.	Toxicants used for possum control	“Recent data indicates that 1080 is not a mutagen (an agent causing mutations) but is teratogenic (causes malformations in embryos), and may cause degeneration of the testes, renal failure, cardiotoxicity, or neurological effects, which dictates the need for extreme care when handling 1080”.
1997	Eason, C.T.	Australasian Journal of Ecotoxicology 3:57-64	Sodium Monofluoracetate Toxicology in relation to its use in New Zealand	“Even small doses of fluoroacetate will result in myocardial damage in sheep, and this will be cumulative”
2007	Foronda, N.F., Fowles, J., Smith, N., Taylor, M., Temple, W., Darlington, C.	Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 47: 29-36	The use of myocardial and testicular end points as a basis for estimating a proposed tolerable daily intake for sodium monoacetate (1080)	“one of the major gaps in knowledge surrounding 1080 is its potential toxicity upon chronic low-dose exposure, and subsequent long-term effects on human health.”
2007	Applicant’s References	P 119	Environmental Risk Management Authority Reassessment of 1080	“The sensitivity of a species to 1080 poison is difficult to predict from toxicity data from other, closely related species” (McIlroy, 1986)
2007	ERMA Committee Decision	P 119	Environmental Risk Management Authority Reassessment of 1080	“Recommended further research …Stability of 1080 in stored environmental samples under different temperature and duration of storage…The Committee considers that it is essential that the issue of the stability of 1080 in stored environmental samples is resolve… The results must be disseminated to all laboratories in New Zealand that undertake 1080 analyses. It is a fundamental matter for addressing the quality assurance of ongoing sampling/monitoring for 1080 residues.”
This recommended research was not still not done, 24/9/15 (Landcare Research)
2007	ERMA Agency Appendix E	472	Environmental Risk Management Authority Reassessment of 1080	“In relation to environmental monitoring, the Agency notes the concerns about storage ..[e.g.] Eason et al., (1994)..refer to water samples being frozen “within 5 hours” of collection, which seems a relatively long period before appropriate storage”
2007	ERMA Agency Appendix E	P 472	Environmental Risk Management Authority Reassessment of 1080	“Bulking of [water] samples, while expedient, may mask samples that do contain measureable amounts of 1080”
2007	ERMA Agency Appendix E	P 474	Environmental Risk Management Authority Reassessment of 1080	“Due to costs of analysis, not all water samples were analysed. Sequential samples were aggregated in groups of 3 before analysis.”
2007	ERMA Agency Appendix M	P 700	Environmental Risk Management Authority Reassessment of 1080	“The Agency understands that carcasses can reach waterways particularly after significant rain events and agrees there are some aspects which make this a higher risk in relation to drinking water contamination. In particular: a single carcass could [contain] a number of baits [and] the drinking water source may have already been declared free of contamination”
2011	Srinivasan, M.S., Suren, A., Wech, J. & Schmidt, J.	NZ Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 46(2): 167-178	Investigating the fate of sodium monofluoroacetate during rain events using modelling and field studies	“To address concerns relating to 1080 contamination of drinking water, an upper tolerable daily intake of 0.03 μg/kg/day for humans has been suggested (Foronda et al. 2007). Thus, an adult human weighing 80 kg would exceed this if they drank 10 l of water a day with 1080 concentration 0.24 ug/l. This suggested standard is an order of magnitude lower than the current NZ Ministry of Health maximum acceptable value, 3.5 μg/l (Ministry of Health 2008).
2010	NZ Environmental Protection Authority	P 14	Annual Report on the Aerial Use of 1080 for the year ended 31 December 2010	“Post-operational water monitoring was carried out… The tests had a method detection limit of 0.1 micrograms of 1080 per litre”
1988	United States Environmental Protection Agency	EPA Pesticide Fact Sheet Sodium Fluoroacetate (compound 1080) Cancellation/denial/suspension/data call-in	Sodium Fluoroacetate (1080) – Chemical Profile 8/90	“Upon review of the data, the Agency determined that the submission by California and Colorado are unsatisfactory for the following reasons… [incl.] Inadequate safety data to determine hazards to nontarget fish, birds, and mammals… No validated analytical method with detection limits low enough to determine concentrations of compound 1080 at the level of concern.”
2007	ERMA Committee Decision	P 71	Environmental Risk Management Authority Reassessment of 1080	“[the applicants] stated that the important thing was that 1080 residue levels in surface water are usually too small to be detected”