| date |
authors |
source |
name |
quote |
| 2014 |
Veltman, C.M., Westbrooke, I.M., Powlesland, R.G. & Greene, T.C. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 38 (1): 103-109 |
A principles-based decision tree for future investigations of native New Zealand birds during aerial 1080 operations |
“[A review] revealed a failure to investigate some native birds known to be killed during 1080 poison operations, insufficient sample sizes and lack of experimental controls in many studies, and very few surveys of native birds under modern baiting practices (Veltman & Westbrooke 2011).” |
| 2012 |
Hartley, L.J. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 36(3): 1-11 |
Five-minute bird counts in New Zealand |
“in 1976 and 1977, large numbers of a wide range of birds, including native species, were found dead after several aerial 1080-poisoning operations and research trials for brushtail possum…This led to the implementation of the 5MBC method…Using this approach to monitor a series of 1080-poisoning operations and trials between 1977 and 1986, researchers concluded that there was no evidence of deleterious long-term impacts on populations of any non-target bird species from 1080-poisoning for possum control that was adequately monitored… However, the limited detail in these reports makes it difficult to determine the degree of certainty associated with these results.” |
| 2012 |
Hartley, L.J. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 36(3): 1-11 |
Five-minute bird counts in New Zealand |
“The first application of the 5MBC method to a practical question was in 1974-1975,…Observer bias was identified…for which differences between observers were found to be greater than differences between areas.” |
| 2012 |
Hartley, L.J. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 36(3): 1-11 |
Five-minute bird counts in New Zealand |
“The often-unstated assumption [with 5MBCs] is that the relationship is positive and linear …this has rarely been tested…possible failures include if birds call more vigorously following a drop in numbers as they search for new mates…More work is needed and researchers should always consider the possibility that any changes (or lack of changes) observed might not be real.” |
| 2012 |
Hartley, L.J. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 36(3): 1-11 |
Five-minute bird counts in New Zealand |
“The 5MBC method was also employed by the DSIR to investigate the impact of introduced predators on native bird populations (Wilson 1988; Efford & Morrison 1991). Efford and Morrison (1991) counted at intervals of 2 -3 weeks over three years (1977 – 1979) in sites with and without stoat (Mustela erminea) trapping, finding higher counts of several species in the trapped areas. The authors concluded, however, that careful study design is needed in order to rule out observed differences in counts being due to unrelated factors such as habitat difference between sites or irregular fluctuations in bird populations. The data were also analysed for monthly correlations with a concurrent study by a University of Canterbury student at Kowhai Bush, Kaikoura (Gill 1980), but low (or even negative) correlations were found with 8 of the 10 species examined.” |
| 2005 |
Westbrooke, I.M., Powlesland, R.G. |
NZ J Ecol. 29(1):143-147 |
Comparison of impact between carrot and cereal 1080 baits on tomtits (Petroica macrocephala) |
“The limitations of index count methods also need to be kept in mind. While the count of territorial males adjacent to transects is a clear concept, the comparison of these before and after a poison operation has an implicit assumption that all other factors are equal. However, obviously time has elapsed and other factors could have changed, such as conspicuousness. A perturbation to a population, such as a significant impact of a poison operation on a territorial species, could lead to greater activity and song, and so mask a decline; or a reverse effect could lead to a greater decrease in an index than in the population.” |
| 2011 |
Veltman, C. & Westbrooke, I.M. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 35 (1): 21-29 |
Forest bird mortality and baiting practices in New Zealand aerial 1080 operations from 1986 to 2009 |
“The surveys we reviewed encompassed eight of the 19 native bird species that have been found dead after aerial 1080 poison operations…Only 12 (25%) surveys included a control and we could not ascertain the independence of some surveys… no survey took advantage of the inferential improvements available from multiple controls and random allocation of the treatment…While there were no bird deaths observed in 38 of the surveys, small sample sizes meant we could not rule out rates of death greater than 20% in 21 (55%) of those cases.” |
| 2015 |
Kemp, J., Cunninghame, F., Barrett, B., Makan, T., Fraser, J., Mosen, C. |
Unpublished report. Released under the Official Information Act |
Effect of an aerial 1080 operation on the productivity of the kea (Nestor notabilis) in a West Coast rimu forest |
“The main shortcomings of our study were a lack of replication, non-random assignments of the 1080 treatment among blocks and non-blind observers.” |
| 2014 |
Veltman, C.M., Westbrooke, I.M., Powlesland, R.G. & Greene, T.C. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 38 (1): 103-109 |
A principles-based decision tree for future investigations of native New Zealand birds during aerial 1080 operations |
“It is not advisable to expose nationally critical or endangered birds to aerial 1080 baiting, unless evidence from trials or other sources shows the birds do not consume non-toxic baits.” |
| 2014 |
Veltman, C.M., Westbrooke, I.M., Powlesland, R.G. & Greene, T.C. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 38 (1): 103-109 |
A principles-based decision tree for future investigations of native New Zealand birds during aerial 1080 operations |
“We are unaware of any observational studies that have examined the impact of aerial 1080 application on rock wrens” [warning pre-1080 operation 2014, rock wrens went missing] |
| 2014 |
Veltman, C.M., Westbrooke, I.M., Powlesland, R.G. & Greene, T.C. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 38 (1): 103-109 |
A principles-based decision tree for future investigations of native New Zealand birds during aerial 1080 operations |
“Although the presence and protection of remnant mohua populations is often one of the drivers for aerial distribution of 1080 baits in South Island beech forests (O’Donnell & Hoare 2012; G. Elliot, pers. comm.) the fate of individual mohua following such operations remains unknown.” |
| 2014 |
Roberts, J. (DoC Manager) |
Assessment of Environmental Effects for rat and possum control in Dart-Caples, Matukituki and Makarora treament areas |
Resource Consent Application |
“Section 7.3 Monitoring the effect on non-target species…Fauna monitoring…No structured and rigorous non-target fauna monitoring will be undertaken that relates specifically to the immediate effects of this operation on regionally significant wetlands.” |
| 2014 |
Veltman, C.M., Westbrooke, I.M., Powlesland, R.G. & Greene, T.C. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 38 (1): 103-109 |
A principles-based decision tree for future investigations of native New Zealand birds during aerial 1080 operations |
“A total of 322 aerial 1080 baiting operations were conducted on public conservation lands in the 10-year period ending in June 2008 but banded or radio-carrying birds were observed during only 15 operations carried out from 1998 to the end of 2008…We…advocate for establishing long-term forest bird population monitoring at poisoned sites. This would meet the need for multiple controls when 1080 is applied…and also permit quantitative statements about the sign and rate of change in population sizes” |
| 2015 |
Brown, K., Elliott, G., Innes, J. & Kemp, J. |
Department of Conservation Report |
Ship rat, stoat and possum control on mainland New Zealand. An overview of techniques, successes and challenges |
“Few studies have monitored long-term bird population or community responses to a sustained regime of aerial 1080 application (Veltman & Westbrooke 2011). Two exceptions are monitoring in the Landsborough Valley, where a range of forest birds have benefitted from pest control (O’Donnell & Hoare 2012) and in the Catlins, where mohua have benefitted (G. Elliott, DOC, unpubl. data). |
| 2012 |
O’Donnell, C.F.J. & Hoare, J.M. |
NZ Journal of Ecology 36(2): 131-140 |
Quantifying the benefits of long-term integrated pest control for forest bird populations in a New Zealand temperate rainforest |
“We could not practically replicate monitoring in a comparable non-treatment area in this study, nor was pre-treatment monitoring undertaken using five-minute bird counts. In future monitoring studies it would be prudent to adopt a ‘Before-after Control-impact (BACI)’ experimental design to strengthen the potential inference of studies such as this one. Nonetheless, we suggest that the overall increases in bird abundance were likely to be a result of successful implementation of integrated pest control.” [stoat trapping continuously & aerial 1080] |
| 2015 |
Brown, K., Elliott, G., Innes, J. & Kemp, J. |
Department of Conservation Report |
Ship rat, stoat and possum control on mainland New Zealand. An overview of techniques, successes and challenges |
“However, few staff have completed the Animal Pest Management Framework training, and adoption of best practise is patchy. Furthermore, an analysis of DOC’s pest management database (PestLink), which is intended to include information on all pest control operations carried out by DOC, revealed that not all DOC control operations were reported (K. Vincent, DOC unpubl. data). This makes it difficult to identify causes of failure and thus improve future operations.” |
| 2015 |
Brown, K., Elliott, G., Innes, J. & Kemp, J. |
Department of Conservation Report |
Ship rat, stoat and possum control on mainland New Zealand. An overview of techniques, successes and challenges |
“The quality of pest management operations has been variable, with operational objectives, best practice, standard operating procedures and legal requirements not always being met. However, just how variable operations have been is unknown, as not all control operations are written up, despite reporting being part of DOC’s Animal Pest Management Framework best practice.” |
| 2015 |
Brown, K., Elliott, G., Innes, J. & Kemp, J. |
Department of Conservation Report |
Ship rat, stoat and possum control on mainland New Zealand. An overview of techniques, successes and challenges |
“Issue 10: Learning about the efficiency and effectiveness of large or new control operations is compromised by lack of robust monitoring and follow through…If the uncertainty in management programmes (whether they achieve the intended goals) is not made explicit and then monitored, there is a risk that expensive mistakes will be repeated….Issue 11: We lack accurate information on the costs of pest control nationally.” |
| 2014 |
Kemp, J., van Klink, P. |
Department of Conservation document released under the Official Information Act (unpublished) |
Non target risk to the kea from aerial 1080 poison baiting for the control of invasive mammals in New Zealand forests |
“Our study is severely limited in terms of achieving our aims of understanding factors affecting non target risk to keas and quantifying non target risk…the level of risk at some operations is concerning…” |
